![]() As mentioned above, populations surrounded by roads are less likely to receive immigrants from other habitats and as a result, they suffer from a lack of genetic diversity. In addition to the first three factors, numerous studies have shown that the construction and use of roads is a direct source of habitat fragmentation. Finally, species that are unable to migrate across roads to reach resources such as food, shelter and mates will experience reduced reproductive and survival rates, which can compromise population viability. In addition, habitat loss can be direct, if habitat is destroyed to make room for a road, or indirect, if habitat quality close to roads is compromised due to emissions from the roads (e.g. Road mortality has significantly affected a number of prominent species in the United States, including white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus), Florida panthers ( Puma concolor coryi), and black bears ( Ursus americanus). For instance, found that road kills do not pose a significant threat to healthy populations but can be devastating to small, shrinking, or threatened populations. The first three effects (loss of habitat, road kill, and isolation from resources) exert pressure on various animal populations by reducing available resources and directly killing individuals in a population. Habitat fragmentation can lead to extinction or extirpation if a population's gene pool is restricted enough. For many years ecologists and conservationists have documented the adverse relationship between roads and wildlife identify four ways that roads and traffic detrimentally affect wildlife populations: (1) they decrease habitat amount and quality, (2) they increase mortality due to wildlife-vehicle collisions (road kill), (3) they prevent access to resources on the other side of the road, and (4) they subdivide wildlife populations into smaller and more vulnerable sub-populations (fragmentation). Scientists estimate that the system of roads in the United States affects the ecology of at least one-fifth of the land area of the country. Of these, roads have the most widespread and detrimental effects. Habitat fragmentation occurs when human-made barriers such as roads, railroads, canals, electric power lines, and pipelines penetrate and divide wildlife habitat. Roads and habitat fragmentation Camel crossing in Kuwait Similar structures can be used for domesticated animals, such as cattle creeps. They also assist in avoiding collisions between vehicles and animals, which in addition to killing or injuring wildlife may cause injury to humans and property damage. Wildlife crossings are a practice in habitat conservation, allowing connections or reconnections between habitats, combating habitat fragmentation. Wildlife crossings may include underpass tunnels or wildlife tunnels, viaducts, and overpasses or green bridges (mainly for large or herd-type animals) amphibian tunnels fish ladders canopy bridges (especially for monkeys and squirrels) tunnels and culverts (for small mammals such as otters, hedgehogs, and badgers) and green roofs (for butterflies and birds). Wildlife crossings are structures that allow animals to cross human-made barriers safely. Drone video of Kolu wildlife overpass in Estonia (September 2021) There are channeling fences on either side of the crossing. Florida State Route 46 was elevated over this underpass. Track Height from Street: 2-1/4″ 5.7cm Overall Height: 3″ 7.6cm Overall Length: 13-7/8″ 35.2cm Overall Width: 11″ 27.9cm Bridge Length: 6″ 15.Structures enabling wildlife to safely cross human-made barriers Use with Walthers Code 83 Bridge Track (948-886 or 948-899 both sold separately) plus flexible, sectional and hand-laid track or your own railĭetailed plastic parts molded in dark gray Part of the Cornerstone Engineered Bridge System ![]() As shown the Art Deco Underpass measures: 13-7/8 x 11 x 6″ 35.2 x 27.9 x 15.2cm This easy-to-build kit comes with parts molded in appropriate colors and includes realistic decals. Track spacing is also easily adjusted to modular layout standards. Built stock it’s perfect for busy two track lines, but can be assembled for a single-track line, or combined with a second kit to handle three or more tracks. The Art Deco Highway Underpass is a unique Walthers Cornerstone structure kit that adds a dash of panache to post-1930s era highway scenes. Highway Underpass quantity Add to cart Additional information Series
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